Saffron is a herbaceous, perennial, stemless, and bulbous plant from the lily family. Another name for Zarparan saffron and its scientific name is SATIVUS LINNAEUS CROCUS. Arabicized saffron is the word Zarparan. In Middle Persian, the saffron plant is called Kurkum. It is pronounced in Arabic al-zaafran, Turkish zafarun, English saffron, Spanish azafrán, Italian zaferano, French safrane, German Safran, and Indian zuffron.
Saffron is the most precious plant on the planet, whose unit of measurement is the shekel, and for this reason, saffron is called red gold. Saffron is one of the native plants of Iran, whose birthplace is on the slopes of Alvand mountains in Hamadan, and Iranians were the first people to know this valuable plant and cultivate it. Saffron has many food, medicinal, and industrial properties, it is happy and heals many pains. As a basic and strategic plant, saffron plays an important role in the development of agriculture and the rural economy, especially in areas lacking agricultural talent and facilities, such as central and southern Khorasan.